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Diabetes
Diabetes is a chronic disease characterized by high blood sugar (glucose) levels. Glucose is the primary energy source for the body’s cells. When glucose accumulates in the bloodstream due to the body’s inability to absorb it properly, it can lead to various organ complications. If diabetes is not managed well, it can result in life-threatening complications. Diabetes occurs when blood sugar levels rise due to the pancreas failing to function properly. The pancreatic cells become impaired, preventing the organ from operating optimally.
Types of Diabetes
In general, diabetes is classified into two main types: Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes.
- Type 1 Diabetes occurs when the body’s immune system attacks and destroys the pancreatic cells responsible for producing insulin. As a result, blood glucose levels increase, leading to potential damage to various organs. Type 1 diabetes is also known as autoimmune diabetes.
The exact cause of this autoimmune condition remains unknown, but it is strongly believed to be influenced by genetic factors, which may also be triggered by environmental factors.
Type 2 Diabetes and Gestational Diabetes
Type 2 Diabetes is the most common form of diabetes. It occurs when the body’s cells become less sensitive to insulin, making it difficult for the insulin produced to function effectively. This condition, known as insulin resistance, prevents glucose from being properly absorbed by the cells. Approximately 90-95% of diabetes cases worldwide fall under this category.
Gestational Diabetes is a specific type of diabetes that occurs during pregnancy. It is caused by hormonal changes that affect the body’s ability to regulate blood sugar levels. In most cases, blood sugar levels return to normal after childbirth.
Recognize & Control Diabetes Mellitus (DM)
What is Diabetes (Sakit Gula)?
Commonly known as “Kencing Manis”, diabetes is a condition where blood sugar levels exceed the normal threshold.
Signs of Diabetes:
- “Ants Around Urine” – When blood sugar levels are too high, excess sugar is excreted through urine, which may attract ants.
How Does Diabetes Mellitus (DM) Occur?
Sugar from food and stored sugar (glycogen) in the liver serve as the body’s primary sources of energy. The pancreas plays a crucial role by producing insulin, a hormone responsible for converting sugar from food into energy and storing excess sugar in the liver and fat cells.
When the pancreas becomes overworked or damaged, it fails to produce enough insulin to maintain normal blood sugar levels. Ideally, fasting blood sugar should be between 70-99 mg/dL, and post-meal blood sugar should remain below 140 mg/dL. If insulin production is insufficient, blood sugar levels rise uncontrollably, leading to diabetes.
Pre-Diabetes
Pre-diabetes is considered a “yellow warning light” indicating a risk of developing diabetes.
- Fasting blood sugar levels: >100 mg/dL
- Post-meal blood sugar levels: 140-199 mg/dL
- HbA1c levels: 5.7 – 6.4%
Pre-diabetes is often detected during routine health check-ups and is commonly associated with a high-calorie diet and lack of physical activity.
In this condition, blood glucose levels are higher than normal but not yet high enough to be classified as diabetes. If left unmanaged, individuals with pre-diabetes have a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes. However, with proper lifestyle changes, such as adopting a healthier diet and engaging in regular physical activity, the progression to diabetes can often be prevented.
Symptoms & Signs of Diabetes Mellitus
- Increased Hunger (Polyphagia) – Feeling excessively hungry even after eating.
- Increased Thirst (Polydipsia) – Frequent thirst and need to drink water.
- Frequent Urination (Polyuria) – Urinating more often than usual, especially at night.
- Unexplained Weight Loss – Losing weight without a clear reason.
- Blurred Vision – Difficulty seeing clearly due to fluctuating blood sugar levels.
- Fatigue – Feeling tired and lacking energy without exertion.
- Tingling or Numbness – Sensations of tingling or numbness in hands and feet.
- Slow-Healing Wounds – Cuts or sores that take longer to heal.
- Muscle Mass Reduction – Loss of muscle strength and bulk.
- Fasting Blood Sugar >100 mg/dL – A higher-than-normal blood sugar level after fasting.
- Post-Meal Blood Sugar >140 mg/dL – Elevated glucose levels after eating.
- HbA1c > 6.5% – Indicates long-term high blood sugar levels.
- Peripheral Neuropathy – Diagnosed through Nerve Conduction Velocity (NCV) tests.
- Frequent Infections – Recurring infections in the gums, skin, vagina, or urinary tract.
- Presence of Ketones in Urine – A sign that the body is breaking down muscle and fat for energy due to the inability to use glucose effectively.
If these symptoms persist, it is essential to seek medical advice for early diagnosis and management to prevent complications.
Complications of Diabetes
Diabetes, both type 1 and type 2, can lead to a variety of complications if not properly managed, including:
- Coronary Heart Disease – Increased risk of heart attacks and other cardiovascular issues.
- Stroke – Elevated blood sugar can contribute to blocked or burst blood vessels in the brain.
- Kidney Dysfunction (Diabetic Nephropathy) – Damage to the kidneys, potentially leading to kidney failure.
- Diabetic Neuropathy – Nerve damage causing pain, tingling, and loss of sensation, especially in the feet and hands.
- Vision Problems – High blood sugar levels can damage the blood vessels in the eyes.
- Cataracts – Clouding of the eye lens, leading to vision impairment.
- Depression – Emotional and mental health challenges due to chronic illness.
- Dementia – Cognitive decline associated with long-term diabetes.
- Hearing Impairment – Nerve damage can affect auditory function.
- Hypoglycemia – Low blood sugar levels that can cause dizziness, confusion, and even unconsciousness.
- Frozen Shoulder – Stiffness and pain in the shoulder joint, limiting movement.
- Erectile Dysfunction – Poor blood circulation and nerve damage affecting sexual function.
- Nerve Function Impairment – Loss of motor and sensory abilities due to prolonged high blood sugar.
- Slow-Healing Wounds & Infections – Especially on the feet, leading to serious complications.
- Skin Damage & Gangrene – Severe infections caused by bacteria and fungi, including necrotizing infections such as flesh-eating bacteria.
Managing diabetes effectively through lifestyle changes, medications, and regular monitoring can help prevent or delay these complications.
Diabetes and the Risk of Amputation
People with diabetes must take extra care of their feet to prevent serious complications. Foot-related issues are a major concern for diabetic patients and can lead to severe consequences if not properly managed.
Reduced Blood Flow
- Diabetes can narrow the arteries, leading to reduced blood circulation in the feet.
- Poor blood supply deprives foot tissues of essential nutrients, making wound healing difficult.
- Even minor wounds can worsen and develop into severe ulcers.
Increased Risk of Severe Complications
- If wounds are left untreated, they can become infected and lead to dangerous complications, potentially resulting in amputation.
Nerve Damage (Diabetic Neuropathy)
- Nerve damage in the feet can reduce the ability to feel pain, temperature changes, or injuries.
- As a result, small cuts or wounds can go unnoticed, worsening over time.
Weakened Immune System
- Diabetes weakens the body’s immune system, increasing the risk of prolonged infections.
- High blood sugar levels impair immune cells, making it harder for the body to fight infections effectively.
To prevent serious complications, diabetic patients should regularly check their feet, maintain good hygiene, wear proper footwear, and seek medical attention for any wounds or signs of infection.
How to Treat and Prevent Diabetes
Diabetes Prevention
Type 1 diabetes cannot be prevented as its triggers are still unknown. However, type 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes can be prevented through a healthy lifestyle. Some measures to help prevent diabetes include:
- Eating a balanced and healthy diet
- Maintaining an ideal weight
- Exercising regularly
- Getting annual blood glucose checks
In Singapore, the cost of diabetes treatment varies based on the type of diabetes and the specific treatments required.
Type 1 Diabetes:
- Insulin Injections: The cost ranges from S$16.90 to S$120 per cartridge, depending on the type and brand of insulin used.
Type 2 Diabetes:
Oral Medications: Prices vary from S$0.06 to S$6.30 per tablet, depending on the specific medication prescribed.
Regular Check-ups: Routine visits to healthcare providers for monitoring blood sugar levels and overall health are essential. These visits can cost around S$100 per visit, with some subsidies available through insurance or government programs.
Annual Direct Medical Costs: A study found that the mean annual direct medical cost for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Singapore is approximately S$2,034.
In Singapore, the costs associated with diabetes-related amputations can be substantial. A study published in the Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore in December 2015 reported that patients undergoing major amputations for diabetic foot problems had a total treatment cost 7.3 times higher than those treated non-operatively. This increased cost was attributed to longer hospital stays, higher dependency or ICU care requirements, and multiple readmissions.
Additionally, a 2021 study in the International Wound Journal found that the mean cost per patient-year for major amputations was approximately US$30,131.
Prevention Over Cure: Diabetes
High Treatment Costs in Singapore:
Diabetes-related treatments, including ongoing consultations, medication, and potential complications such as kidney failure or diabetic foot issues, can easily exceed SGD 20,000 annually, especially if hospitalization or long-term dialysis is required.
SOP Subarashi as a Cost-Effective Alternative:
6-month supplement cost: SGD 10,000++
SOP Subarashi promotes stem cell regeneration, improving pancreatic function and regulating blood glucose levels. This can prevent the onset of complications like diabetic neuropathy, retinopathy, and kidney issues, ultimately reducing the need for extensive, expensive treatments.
Prevention Over Cure: Diabetes
Focuses on preventing diabetes progression and associated complications, offering long-term health benefits.
Helps manage blood sugar levels naturally and reduces the need for frequent doctor visits, medications, and hospital stays.
Prevents the costly treatments associated with unmanaged diabetes, such as amputations, heart issues, or dialysis.
Long-Term Health Investment:
A natural and safe therapy that addresses the root causes of diabetes and its complications.
Supports overall well-being and reduces the likelihood of needing expensive interventions, ensuring better health at a lower cost in the future.
SOP Subarashi: Innovative Diabetes Support
SOP Subarashi is a Japanese health food product made from Marine Placenta, extracted from Onchoryncus Keta Salmon found exclusively in the northern seas of Hokkaido, Japan.
It is patented for its ability to regenerate damaged cells in the body’s organs.
Stem Cell Therapy for Diabetes:
SOP Subarashi utilizes the regenerative power of stem cells to increase the number of pancreatic cells. Stem cells repair aging or damaged islet cells, helping to lower blood glucose levels and address diabetes at its core.
It also helps prevent serious complications such as diabetic foot and heart-related issues.
Disclaimer: The benefits experienced may vary for each individual and also depend on the consumer’s initial condition.